Side effects of Pepto-Bismol are generally mild and can include a black tongue, black stool, and constipation. More serious side effects can occur but are rare. This article discusses Pepto-Bismol, how it works, and potential side effects.
Uses
Pepto-Bismol is primarily used for the short-term treatment of the following digestive symptoms in adults and children aged 12 and older:
DiarrheaNauseaStomach upsetIndigestionHeartburnExcessive intestinal gasExcessive burpingA feeling of fullness caused by eating too muchDiscomfort from drinking too much alcohol
Interestingly, researchers have found that when Pepto-Bismol is combined with antibiotics, it can be quite effective in treating Helicobacter pylori, an infection that has been linked to peptic ulcers and gastritis.
How Pepto-Bismol Works
The scientific name for the active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol is bismuth subsalicylate. Bismuth is a mineral that has antibacterial, antacid, and antidiarrheal effects. Subsalicylate is a medication in the same class as aspirin.
The active ingredients of Pepto-Bismol are thought to have the following actions within the body:
Increasing the amount of fluid that is absorbed in the intestines, therefore firming up stoolReducing inflammationCalming intestinal spasmsReducing the population of disease-causing bacteria and/or virusesReducing excess levels of stomach acid
Side Effects
Pepto-Bismol is considered quite safe for short-term use by adults and children aged 12 or over.
Common Side Effects
When used properly, Pepto-Bismol has a few side effects:
Blackening of the tongue Dark or black stool Constipation
These side effects are temporary and generally harmless.
Serious Side Effects
Serious side effects of Pepto-Bismol are rare but not unheard of.
Adults over the age of 65: The side effect of constipation may lead to a bowel blockage, a serious condition.
Children and teens: Pepto-Bismol is in the aspirin family. Aspirin use in children and teenagers is associated with a risk of Reye’s syndrome, a potentially life-threatening illness. This risk is particularly high for those who have chickenpox, influenza (the flu), or any other type of viral infection.
Pepto Kids, a formulation made for children, does not contain bismuth subsalicylate and is safe for children. Pepto Kids is designed to treat heartburn and upset stomach in children.
Before Taking
Pepto-Bismol is only recommended for use for a two-day period. That, therefore, makes it a poor choice as a treatment for people who experience chronic diarrhea, common in those with IBS. It also makes it a poor choice for people who experience chronic heartburn or acid reflux from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Ringing in the earsDiarrhea that lasts for more than two daysSevere vomitingHigh feverAny signs of an allergic reaction
If you think you have taken an overdose or are experiencing any severe symptoms, seek immediate attention by calling an ambulance.
Before taking Pepto-Bismol, it is essential that you clear it with your healthcare provider, as the medication may interact with other medications that you are taking, particularly some medications for diabetes or gout, blood thinners, and certain antibiotics.
Precautions and Contraindications
Pepto-Bismol should not be taken by anyone who:
Is younger than 12 years of age Has the flu Has a fever and signs of blood in the stool Has chickenpox or has received the chickenpox vaccination within the past six weeks Is pregnant Is breastfeeding Is allergic to aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Dosage
Pepto-Bismol is an oral medication that comes in liquid, tablet, or chewable form. Follow the directions and dosing recommendations on the product packaging carefully.
You do not need to take the medication with food. Do not take Pepto-Bismol for more than two days. Be sure to drink plenty of water while taking Pepto-Bismol to replace fluid lost from diarrhea episodes.
A Word From Verywell
Although it may be tempting to take Pepto-Bismol to address irritable bowel symptoms, remember that it is only recommended for a maximum of two days. Thus, it is best only for short-term symptoms, and long-term use may enhance side effects. When you’re experiencing chronic symptoms, work with your healthcare provider to find a better solution.
Severe vomitingBlood in the stool (usually mild)Coffee ground-like vomit (a sign of gastric bleeding)Tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ears)
Aspirin allergyGastric ulcerHematochezia (bloody stools)HemophiliaFlu-like symptoms (for children and teens only due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome)
Also, children under age 12 should not take regular Pepto-Bismol; children under 2 shouldn’t be given Pepto Kids.
Arthritis or gout medicationsBlood thinners like warfarinDaily aspirinDiabetes medicationsTetracycline antibiotics
Heartburn can be relieved with antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Indigestion can be relieved with Alka-Seltzer (sodium bicarbonate) or Mylanta (simethicone)Constipation can be treated with stool softeners and osmotic, stimulant, or bulk-forming laxativesDiarrhea can be treated with Imodium (loperamide)Nausea may be treated with Dramamine (dimenhydrinate) or Bonine (meclizine).
